The relevance of developing a diagnostic technology for assessing the technical condition of industrial buildings and facilities using a UAV-based software and hardware package stems from the insufficient effectiveness, safety, and completeness of traditional visual and measurement control methods. The goal of the study is to develop and test a comprehensive diagnostic technology for the technical condition of an industrial building using a UAV-based software and hardware package to expand the coverage of inspected structures, improve data objectivity, and reduce occupational risks. The study applied a comprehensive approach, including the use of specialized unmanned aerial vehicles for external and internal inspection, equipped with high-resolution cameras and thermal imagers. The methodology included remote visual and measurement control, thermography, and photogrammetric data processing to build 3D models. The technology was tested on an operating industrial facility of the oil and gas industry (plan dimensions 48.3312 m, height up to 9.6 m). During pilot industrial tests, a complete inspection of external and internal structures was conducted. The following typical defects were identified and localized: loss of airtightness at wall panel joints, damage to the concrete protective layer and the anti-corrosion coating of drips, and signs of leaks. Based on the data obtained using the photogrammetric method, a detailed 3D model of the building was built. The thermographic inspection was conducted to confirm the defects identified during the external visual and measurement control. In some sections of wall panels, minor local thermal fluctuations were registered that correspond with the sections of defects identified during the visual inspection. A comparative analysis of the labor intensity of the developed technology versus traditional methods (scaffolding, automated hydraulic lifts) was conducted. As established, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles significantly reduces time and labor intensity, as well as occupational risks to personnel, by providing full coverage of the structures. The developed and tested technology proved efficient for the comprehensive diagnostics of industrial buildings. It ensures improvements in safety, objectivity, and the completeness of inspection, and serves as a foundation for dynamic monitoring and the development of digital twins. The results demonstrate the promising potential of this approach for widespread implementation in technical diagnostics.
SP 255.1325800.2016. Buildings and structures. Operating rules. General provisions. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200139958 (accessed: December 1, 2025). (In Russ).
2. ГОСТ 31937—2024. Здания и сооружения. Правила обследования и мониторинга технического состояния. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1305691614 (дата обращения: 01.12.2025).
GOST 31937—2024. Buildings and constructions. Rules of inspection and monitoring of the technical condition. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1305691614 (accessed: December 1, 2025). (In Russ).
3. Пособие по обследованию строительных конструкций зданий. URL: https://files.stroyinf.ru/Data1/5/5295/ (дата обращения: 01.12.2025).
Manual on inspecting construction units of buildings. Available at: https://files.stroyinf.ru/Data1/5/5295/ (accessed: December 1, 2025). (In Russ).
4. РД 22-01—97. Требования к проведению оценки безопасности эксплуатации производственных зданий и сооружений поднадзорных промышленных производств и объектов (обследование строительных конструкций специализированными организациями). URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200026286 (дата обращения: 01.12.2025).
RD 22-01—97. Requirements for conducting an assessment of the safe operation of production buildings and facilities of supervised industrial productions and objects (inspecting building structures by specialized companies). Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200026286 (accessed: December 1, 2025). (In Russ).
5. Бузало Н.А., Кундрюцков Д.Н., Пономарев Р.Р. Применение беспилотных летательных аппаратов при обследовании зданий и сооружений // Строительство и архитектура. 2022. № 1. С. 6–10. DOI: 10.29039/2308-0191-2021-10-1-6-10
Buzalo N.А., Kundryutskov D.Т., Ponomarev R.R. Use of unmanned aerial vehicles in surveying buildings and structures. Stroitelstvo i arkhitektura = Construction and Architecture. 2022. № 1. рр. 6–10. (In Russ). DOI: 10.29039/2308-0191-2021-10-1-6-10
6. Дрон-технологии в строительстве — современные решения и возможности / И.В. Носков, К.И. Носков, С.В. Тиненская, С.А. Ананьев // Вестник Евразийской науки. 2020. № 5.
Noskov I.V., Noskov K.I., Tinenskaya S.V., Ananev S.A. Dron-technologies in construction — modern solutions and opportunities. Vestnik evraziyskoy nauki = The Eurasian Scientific Journal. 2020. № 5. (In Russ).
7. Семенов А.С., Слонич К.А. Обследования зданий и сооружений с применением беспилотных летательных аппаратов // Вестник БГТУ имени В. Г. Шухова. 2017. № 9. С. 160–163. DOI: 10.12737/article_59a93b0c110aa8.01447096
Semenov A.S., Slonich K.A. Surveys of buildings and installations using unmanned aerial vehicles. Vestnik BGTU imeni V. G. Shukhova = Bulletin of BSTU named after V. G. Shukhov. 2017. № 9. рр. 160–163. (In Russ). DOI: 10.12737/article_59a93b0c110aa8.01447096
8. Dorafshan S., Maguire M. Bridge Inspection: Human Performance, Unmanned Aerial Systems and Automation. Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring. 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s13349-018-0285-4
9. Тихонов А.А., Акматов Д.Ж. Обзор программ для обработки данных аэрофотосъемки // Горный информационно-аналитический бюллетень (научно-технический журнал). 2018. № 12. С. 192–198.
Tikhonov A.A., Akmatov D.Zh. Review of aerophotography data processing programs. Gornyy informatsionno-analiticheskiy byulleten (nauchno-tekhnicheskiy zhurnal) = Mining informational and analytical bulletin (scientific and technical journal). 2018. № 12. рр. 192–198. (In Russ).
10. Урасова А.А., Глезман Л.В., Федосеева С.С. Анализ факторов развития рынка беспилотных летательных аппаратов в сельскохозяйственной промышленности // Экономика промышленности. 2023. Т. 16. № 3. С. 263–274. DOI: 10.17073/2072-1633-2023-3-263-274
Urasova A.A., Glezman L.V., Fedoseeva S.S. Analysis of development factors of the unmanned aerial vehicles market in the agricultural industry. Ekonomika promyshlennosti = Russian Journal of Industrial Economics. 2023. Vol. 16. № 3. рр. 263–274. (In Russ). DOI: 10.17073/2072-1633-2023-3-263-274
11. Подводные дроны для обследования нефтегазовой инфраструктуры: преимущества и перспективы на примере объектов нефтедобывающей и нефтеперерабатывающей отрасли / Н.Д. Шестерин, А.Н. Кочергин, В.Ю. Пивсаев и др. // Морские интеллектуальные технологии. 2025. № 2. Ч. 1. С. 201–211. DOI: 10.37220/MIT.2025.68.2.025
Shesterin N.D., Kochergin A.N., Pivsaev V.Y., Sokolov S.A., Redka D.N., Putintsev I.A. Underwater drones for oil and gas infrastructure inspection: advantages and prospects using the example of oil production and refining facilities. Morskie intellektualnye tekhnologii = Marine intellectual technologies. 2025. № 2. Pt. 1. рр. 201–211. DOI: 10.37220/MIT.2025.68.2.025. (In Russ).
12. Шиболденков В.А., Куликова М.Е., Савченко П.П. Обзор применения технологии летательных дронов в производственных целях (на примере наукоемкой промышленности) // Московский экономический журнал. 2023. № 3. C. 102–118. DOI: 10.55186/2413046X_2023_8_3_133
Shiboldenkov V.A., Kulikova M.E., Savchenko P.P. An overview of the application of technology flying drones for production purposes (examples from knowledge-intensive industry). Moskovskiy ekonomicheskiy zhurnal = Moscow Economic Journal. 2023. № 3. pp. 102–118. (In Russ). DOI: 10.55186/2413046X_2023_8_3_133
13. Ribeiro D., Santos R., Shibasaki A., Montenegro P., Carvalho H., Calçada R. Remote inspection of RC structures using unmanned aerial vehicles and heuristic image processing. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2020. Vol. 117. DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104813
14. Sawant R.S., Ravikar A., Bagdiya N., Bellary V. Drone Technology in Construction Industry: State of Art. Vidyabharaati International Interdisciplinary Research Journal. Special Issue on Fostering Human Resilience-Catalyst for Management, Science and Technology. 2021. рр. 643–648.
15. ГОСТ 12.0.230—2007. Система стандартов безопасности труда. Системы управления охраной труда. Общие требования. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200026286 (дата обращения: 01.12.2025).
GOST 12.0.230—2007. Occupational safety standards system. Occupational safety and health management systems. General requirements. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200052851 (accessed: December 1, 2025). (In Russ).