Study of the amount and composition of the volatile components of oil products in the soils on the territories of industrial facilities is an urgent task, the solution of which facilitates obtaining indirect information about the stable characteristics of the atmosphere long-term state and increases the accuracy of air pollution assessment at these facilities. State of the atmospheric air at the industrial facilities is strictly regulated. Petroleum products, along with persistent pesticides and heavy metal salts, are among the most priority pollutants, the content of which is subject to strict rationing. For soils, in contrast to the atmosphere and hydrosphere, a very limited number of indicators of the maximum permissible concentrations were developed.
Common methods for extracting volatile components from the host object matrix are based on liquid extraction. Along with this method, gas extraction of the volatile components from the liquid and solid samples can be used, implemented in the form headspace analysis or, as it is often called, equilibrium vapor analysis.
Artificial mixtures of the volatile hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing components were studied. The first mixture of components contained alkane, cycloalkane, and aromatic hydrocarbons series. The second mixture, in addition to the hydrocarbons, contained oxygen-containing components belonging to various classes of organic compounds — acetone (ketone), butanol-1 (alcohol), butyl acetate (ester). An important advantage of the developed methodology is its applicability not only to a certain type of chemical pollutants, which are volatile petroleum products, but also to the substances belonging to other classes of organic compounds produced and used at the oil and gas and petrochemical enterprises. These substances include alcohols, ketones, esters, the requirements for the content of which in the air are sometimes much stricter than for hydrocarbons.
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