The history of the construction of underwater inhabited facilities since the 1960s has been considered. In the underwater environment, where risk factors significantly increase, not only technical aspects but also the human factor, which plays a key role in ensuring safety, must be taken into account.
Risk analysis in underwater oil and gas production has identified multiple potential threats, ranging from technical failures to natural disasters. Each of such threats requires a thorough assessment and the development of relevant measures. Notably, risks can be predictable and unpredictable, which makes their analysis more complicated. Therefore, implementing a risk management system is necessary to ensure the safe operation of underwater complexes.
Using modern automated monitoring systems, drones for inspection, and robotic technologies significantly increases the safety level. These technologies not only help promptly identify potential threats but also minimize the need for personnel to attend hazardous areas. The implementation of these solutions requires significant investments that pay off due to the reduction of the probability of accidents and incidents.
Safety standards and regulations, such as PNST 602–2022 and PNST 677–2022, serve as a basis for developing and implementing efficient measures to ensure safety. These documents regulate personnel’s actions in case of various incidents and establish requirements for equipment and technologies applied in underwater complexes. Compliance with these standards is a mandatory condition for ensuring safe operation and protecting both employees and the environment. These standards have expired, and the adoption of new standards, taking into account the practices of their use, can be expected.
Ensuring occupational safety in underwater inhabited facilities requires a comprehensive approach that includes risk analysis, the implementation of modern technologies, compliance with standards and regulations, and continuous employee training. Only by integrating all these elements can risks be significantly reduced and safety levels in underwater oil and gas production be increased. It is important to continue studying the field to adapt to new challenges and threats that may potentially occur in the future.
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