It is shown that solving the problems of design, fabrication and operation of the complex engineering structures is associated with the need for scientific and technological substantiation of the strength, durability, and crack resistance of the critical welded joints of their load-bearing parts, especially under the conditions of low climatic temperatures in Siberia and the North. Basis of such solutions are the results of the analytical, numerical, and experimental studies in such key areas as thermomechanical, thermochemical, diffusion, structural and mechanical features of the formation of a welded joint, including the geometry and structural inhomogeneity of welds and zones near the weld, stress concentration, presence of the defects and deformation level, residual welding stresses, as well as the kinetics of stress-strain states in the zones of the welded joints. It is noted that for ensuring and improving performance of the structures, machines, and equipment in the northern modification with the use of welding, a large complex of research, development, design, control, diagnostic, supervision, and commissioning work was developed and implemented. Among them are the creation of new structural materials with an increased level of cold resistance and the development of new welding materials, technological processes for welding and subsequent treatments with ensuring uniformity of the local mechanical properties.
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