V.S. Safonov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Adviser of General Director Gazprom VNIIGAZ, Moscow, Russia N.A. Egorova, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Director of the Center A.A. Raspopov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Deputy Director of the Center A.V. Melnikov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Department Head S.V. Ganaga, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Sector Leader, GanagaSV@niitnn.transneft.ru Pipeline Transport Institute, LLC (Transneft R&D, LLC), Moscow, Russia
The article considers the methodological approaches to standardization of the environmental risk indicators taking into account the probabilistic nature of regional atmospheric transport of pollutants, the technological specificity of emission sources, and the biota vulnerability to specific environmental impact. The substantiation of the probability of causing damage to terrestrial recipients during emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere is presented.
The calculation technique of potential risk to terrestrial recipients and biota from the stationary source of the pollutant emissions is proposed. The technique allows constructing the risk fields and making environmental zoning of the area around the emission source.
Influence of combinations of poorly formalized factors on providing the safe conditions for centralized emission of hydrocarbons into the atmosphere is considered. For example, the arrangement of the gas emission systems depending on location of buildings and constructions, as well as local meteorological characteristics of the atmosphere, emission operating conditions, etc. are important.
According to model results, the outgassing operations at the pipeline transport objects, where service conditions allow probable presence of heavy hydrocarbons, require special attention.
Analysis of calculated and experimental data shows that, in conditions of high wind speed and small mass flow of gas from vertical gas bleeder, the effect of «bending» of gas plume to the ground surface is observed. The effect can be enhanced by presence of trees with high dense crown.
Using of the high-pressure compressor stations in the gas transport system of PJSC Gazprom leads to necessity of the silencers use. Compensatory measures were implemented to eliminate formation of the fire and explosion dangerous zones during outgassing through silencer. These measures allow avoiding risk of the fire and explosion dangerous situations that requires changes in the constructive and technical decisions of the applied silencers.
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