I.S. Zhukov, Researcher, ilzhukov@safety.ru Autonomous Noncommercial Organization «Industrial Risk Research Agency», Moscow, Russia
The analysis of literature in the field of industrial safety devoted to safety barriers is provided. The history of occurrence of safety barriers concepts being rooted in the lectures on hazards analysis (HAZAN) of the Queensland University (Australia) where in 1979 the «bow-tie» diagram appeared for the first time is shown in the Article. In 1990s the Royal Dutch Shell Group adapted the «bow-tie» method as the standard of the company in the field of risk analysis and management. As a result the concept of safety barriers was widely adopted. In its essence the safety barriers represent the organizational and technical means of protection used for prevention, control or mitigation of accidents and other unwanted events. The concept of safety barriers found reflection in a number of semiquantitative methods of risk analysis. Their feature — a possibility of impact assessment of the organizational, technical and other methods and protection means (safety barriers) existing at the object on the processes of emergence, development and escalation of accidents at hazardous production facilities, and on their consequences as well. Also an important issue for correct understanding and application of the concept is classification of safety barriers. It is possible to classify safety barriers depending on their layout in the system, the functions executed by them or efficiency. The main most widespread methods of safety barriers classification are given. On the example of safety barriers applied for trunk oil pipelines the differences are shown in the existing approaches to their classification. Brief comparative analysis of Russian and foreign methods using the term «safety barrier» is provided.
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