V.N. Zinkin, Post-doctoral Degree in Medicine, Prof., Senior Research Assistant, zinkin@yandex.ru Scientific Research and Testing Center (Aerospace Medicine and Military Ergonomics) of the Central Scientific Research Institute of the Air Force of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, Shchelkovo, Russia L.P. Slivina, Post-doctoral Degree in Medicine, Prof., Head of the Department Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
One of the most widespread reasons for the decrement of professional performance and reliability of the operator is the increase at the workplace of the permissible levels of mechanical factors (noise, infrasound, vibration). Working conditions state is the main reason, which has the most significant impact on the health of the employees and the level of occupational diseases. Study in this direction is up-to-date, since the noise occupies the leading position among production harmful factors.
It is known that the employees of the aircraft repair plants are exposed to the complex of harmful factors: noise, infrasound, vibration, ionizing and non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, fuels and lubricants, microclimate. The highest acoustic loading is experienced by the mechanics-test engineers of motor-test stations at testing of aircraft engines and the fitters of repair shops of the devices and electric fuel automation of the aircraft engines.
Assessment of the working conditions of these groups of workers is made based on the average duration of their stay at the workplaces. Assessment of labor process intensity is based on the analysis of labour activity and its structure by studying stop-watch reading in the dynamics of the whole working day.
It is established that the combination of harmful factors of the working environment (noise, infrasound, microclimate, kerosene) and labor process (labor severity and intensity) effects the mechanics-test engineers of motor-testing stations and fitters of the repair shops of the devices and electric fuel automation of the aircraft engines. Hygienic studies of the workplaces of these specialists showed that for the first group the regulatory parameters of noise and infrasound are not met, and for the second group — noise, kerosene, labor intensity. The class of working conditions corresponds to the harmful one. The work in the harmful noise conditions creates the risk of professional pathology development, namely, perceptive hearing loss. Recommendations are given on the use of noise protection equipment by the aircraft repair plant specialists depending on working conditions.
1. Izmerov N.F., Suvorov G.A., Prokopenko L.V. Chelovek i shum (Individual and Noise). Moscow: GEOTAR-MED, 2001. 384 p.
2. Kiriy S.V., Kukushkin Yu.A., Bogomolov A.V, Soldatov S.K, Shcherbakov S.A, Zinkin V.N, Shishov A.A. Methods for Assessment mental capacity and reliability of professional activities of specialists exposed to aircraft noise. Biomedicinskaja radiojelektronika = Biomedical Radio Electronics. 2008. № 1–2. pp. 50–56.
3. Von Gierke H.E., Eldred K. McK. Effects of Noise on People. Noise News International. 1993. Vol. 1. № 2. pp. 67–89.
4. King R.P., Davis J.R. Community Noise: Health Effects and Management. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 2003. Vol. 206. № 2. pp. 123–131.
5. O sostojanii sanitarno-jepidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchija naselenija v Rossijskoj Federacii v 2015 godu: gosudarstvennyj doklad (On the State of Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population in the Russian Federation in 2015: State Report). Moscow: Federalnaja sluzhba po nadzoru v sfere zashhity prav potrebitelej i blagopoluchija cheloveka, 2016. 200 p.
6. Sheshegov P.M. Professional risks for aviation specialists of the Air Force. Problemy bezopasnosti poletov = The Problems Related to Security of Flights. 2016. № 2. pp. 3–25.
7. Virkkunen Н., Harma М., Kauppinen Т. Shift work, occupationa1 noise and physica1 workload with deve1opment of blood pressure their joint effect out the risk of coronary heart disease. The Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. 2007. № 26. pp. 425–434.
8. Globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS). New York–Geneva: United Nations, 2003. 443 p.
9. Principles for Modelling Dose-Response for the Risk Assessment of Chemicals. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241572392_eng.pdf (accessed: November 20, 2017).
10. Krylov Ju.V. Noise and vibration as environmental factors of habitat. Chelovek v izmerenijah XX veka. Progress chelovechestva v dvadcatom stoletii (Individual in the Dimensions of the 20th Century. Progress of the Mankind in the Twentieth Century). In 15 volumes. Vol. 4. Russia–Ukraine, 2002. pp. 263–314.
11. R 2.2.2006—05. Gigiena truda. Rukovodstvo po gigienicheskoj ocenke faktorov rabochej sredy i trudovogo processa. Kriterii i klassifikacija uslovij truda (R 2.2.2006—05. Occupational hygiene: Guidance on hygienic assessment of working environment factors and labor process. Criteria and classification of the working conditions). Available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200040973 (accessed: November 20, 2017).
12. GN 2.2.5.1313—03. Predelno dopustimye koncentracii (PDK) vrednyh veshhestv v vozduhe rabochej zony (GN 2.2.5.1313—03. Maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of harmful substances in the air of the working area). Available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/901862250 (accessed: November 20, 2017).
13. Sheshegov P.M, Zinkin V.N, Dvoryanchikov V.V, Mironov V.G. Sensorineural hearing loss of noise etiology: diagnostics, treatment and prevention. Vestnik Rossijskoj voenno-medicinskoj akademii = Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy. 2015. № 2 (50). pp. 60–66.
14. Zinkin V.N., Soldatov S.K., Sheshegov P.M. Effect of the aviation noise on the hearing organ of the Air Force specialists. Voenno-medicinskij zhurnal = Military Medical Journal. 2009. Vol. 330. № 3. pp. 54–58.
15. Ushakov I.B., Romasyuk S.I., Sheshegov P.M., Shishov A.A, Soldatov S.K. The effect of the aviation noise on the hearing organ of the specialists of engineering and technical staff of the Air Force. Voenno-medicinskij zhurnal = Military Medical Journal. 2006. Vol. 327. № 7. pp. 59–62.
16. Xiaoan G. Railway Environmental Noise Control in China. The Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2006. Vol. 293. № 3–5. pp. 1078–1085.
17. Zinkin V.N., Kukushkin Yu.A., Bogomolov A.V., Soldatov S.K., Sheshegov P.M. Analysis of the effectiveness of noise protection means in context of the professional reliability of specialists in «noise» professions. Mediko-biologicheskie i socialno-psihologicheskie problemy bezopasnosti v chrezvychajnyh situacijah = Medical-biological and Socio-psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations. 2011. № 3. pp. 70–76.
18. Soldatov S.K., Kukushkin Yu.A., Kharitonov V.V., Zinkin V.N., Sheshegov P.M. Modern means and methods of protection against aircraft noise. Problemy bezopasnosti poletov = The Problems Related to Security of Flights. 2013. № 8. pp. 21–35.
19. Scherbakov S.A., Kiriy S.V., Kukushkin Yu.A., Soldatov S.K., Bogomolov A.V. The results of study of the acoustic situation at the workplaces of the aviation engineering and technical staff. Problemy bezopasnosti poletov = The Problems Related to Security of Flights. 2007. № 3. pp. 27–32.
