The risk of injuries and fatalities, environmental damage, and material loss during a fire at oil and petroleum product storage facilities is very high. Oil and petroleum product warehouses, including a complex of tanks, buildings, and other facilities, that are designed to receive, store, and offload oil and petroleum products can be part of various industrial, transporting, and energy enterprises and companies, etc. This category of production facilities includes:
oil depots — enterprises on provision with petroleum products;
tank farms and loading units of trunk oil pipelines and petroleum products;
commodity and raw material parks of oil fields and oil-refining plants.
Hot vapor discharges and oil and petroleum product spills in storage premises, pump stations, and areas for oil product storage can cause fires and explosions. The prompt fire alarm is critical to take immediate action for fire source localization, fire extinguishing, and evacuating personnel. Therefore, the engineering devices that ensure fire safety are the focus of constant attention, particularly fire detectors that register the signs of fire and can also ensure timely fire alarm activation. When choosing fire alarms, however, it is crucial to consider the entire set of their characteristics, including the probability of faultless operation during the longest period.
2. Fires and fire safety in 2023. Statistics of fires and their consequences: information and analytical digest. Balashikha: FGBU VNIIPO MChS Rossii, 2024. 111 p. (In Russ).
3. Ivakhnyuk S.G., Petrova N.V., Pleshakov V.V. Fires and explosions at oil refining and oil product supply facilities in Russia in 2018–2022. Tekhnosfernaya bezopasnost = Technosphere Safety. 2024. № 1. pp. 90–102. (In Russ).
4. RD EO 0585—2004. Methodology of assessment of technical condition and residual life of fire detectors and receiving and monitoring devices of fire alarm systems at a nuclear power plant (NPP). Available at: https://files.stroyinf.ru/Data1/53/53716/ (accessed: October 23, 2024). (In Russ).
5. On approval of the Fire-protection regime rules in the Russian Federation: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 16, 2020 № 1479. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/565837297 (accessed: October 23, 2024).
6. GOST R 53325—2012. Fire techniques. Means of fire automatics. General technical requirements and test methods. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200102066 (accessed: October 23, 2024). (In Russ).
7. Neplokhov I.G., Annenkov A.P. Heat trace cable with confirmed activation temperature. Tekhnologii zashchity = Protection Technologies. 2016. № 1. pp. 6–10. (In Russ).
8. 4371-008-05804631—2016 RE. Linear heat fire detector. User manual. Certificate. Available: https://www.unibelus.by/upload/files/de62af0d-8014-11e8-8107-00155d045202.pdf (accessed: October 23, 2024). (In Russ).
9. Linear heat detector PROTECTOWIRE. Installation, operating and maintenance instructions. Available at: https://protectowire.ru/upload/iblock/da0/24s2j15xu57hv665flzo74q7gdc1ocxm.pdf (accessed: October 23, 2024). (In Russ).
10. Prytkov S.F., Gorbacheva V.M., Martynova M.N., Petrov G.A. Reliability of electronic and radio devices: reference book. Moscow: MO RF, 2004. 641 p. (In Russ).
11. Efremov A.A. Reliability theory. Lecture notes. Tomsk: Izd-vo Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2015. 83 p. (In Russ).
12. Glebova E.V., Minaeva I.A., Fomichev L.Yu., Cherekhovich A.V. Current fire risks for oil and gas industry facilities. Okhrana truda i tekhnika bezopasnosti na promyshlennykh predpriyatiyakh = Labor Protection and Safety at the Industrial Enterprises. 2024. № 3. pp. 2–10. (In Russ).