Continuous improving safety and functioning efficiency of oil and gas industry in the Russian Federation is a fundamental task for all the participants in the processes of hydrocarbons production, transportation, processing and sales cycle. Russia is one of the world leaders in oil production, being in the top three producing countries together with Saudi Arabia and the USA. For storage of oil and oil products at all stages of the hydrocarbon life cycle, in domestic practice the tanks of various design were widely used: metal, reinforced concrete, from synthetic materials, and even ice ground. Some groups of this list of tanks are equipped with the systems of protection against evaporation losses, some - not. Application of any means of protection against losses does not lead to their reduction to zero, therefore, in domestic and world practice, the mechanism of rationing the maximum allowable losses became widespread for the so-called natural reasons. The highest percentage of losses is typical for light oil products: gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation kerosene, while losses during storage of oils, fuel oil and other dark oil products are minimal, and usually neglected in the calculations. Since the aviation kerosene has specific storage and transportation conditions, this product is not considered in this article. The main losses during storage and transportation occur in the internal distribution of petroleum products as export flows normally are passing through the large oil depots and terminals with storage tanks equipped with the systems for reducing losses during evaporation. At the same time, the bulk of domestic consumption passes through the small capacity tanks that do not have evaporation protection (for the tanks up to 700 m3) and do not always have evaporation protection (from 1000 to 5000 m3). In this case, the damage to the Russian Federation reaches hundreds of millions of rubles per year, therefore, it is advisable to consider the options for cheaper solutions concerning evaporation protection for such structures, the cost of implementation of which is comparable to the scale of possible losses.
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