The study considers the concept of development and use of scientific basics of the analysis of lifetime and risks of the safe operation of industrial facilities as complex technical systems, based on the provisions of the mechanics of disasters. The totality of models, theoretical premises, and principles of strength science, including the consideration of crack generation and propagation in elements of machines and structures, significant plastic deformations, extreme loads, dynamic effects, damages caused by physical fields and corrosive media leading to accidents and disasters as a result of limit states in them, causing their partial or complete destruction, serve as a basis. At the same time, the provisions of the mechanics of disasters rely on both analytical regularities and conclusions regarding models and scenarios of emergencies and the relevant experimental results of a number of interdisciplinary fields, such as the theory of combustion and explosion, the mechanics of liquids and gases, etc. Therefore, in order to build respective models and scenarios of the development of processes analyzed, the regularities of damage accumulation, reactions of machine and structural elements to internal and external (including accidental) impacts are studied; models of reaching limit states are established; and scenarios of the process of supercritical behavior of critical facility elements are determined. Considering the data obtained, the theory of critical, transitional, supercritical, and acceptable states of damaged complex systems in the respective operational conditions is developed and used. The importance of addressing such problems is conditioned by escalating operating parameters and the increase in energy content of industrial facilities. Primarily, it concerns facilities and thermal and nuclear power, oil and gas pipelines, chemical industry, land, surface, and air transport, industrial and civil engineering, as well as the defense industry facilities, including space and rocket equipment, aviation, surface and submarine fleet with nuclear power plants.
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