The reform of the occupational safety management system aims to shift from the practices of response to events of occupational injuries and illnesses that have already occurred to the activities of preliminary detection and elimination of occupational risks. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes occupational risk management activities as employers’ duties, which are regular activities aiming at detecting, assessing, and mitigating occupational risks. The feature of the new approach to occupational safety management is the significant enhancement of the considered array of occupational threats due to the registration of hazardous and harmful factors that have not yet manifested and caused harm to employees’ health. The use of methodologies for early identification and assessment of potential hazards and harms allows for the implementation of preventive measures of risk reduction in advance, prior to occurrence of an incident, and thus to take measures to prevent industrial injuries and occupational illnesses.
The study has applied a matrix method of occupational risk assessment using a four-stage measuring scale where the frequency of hazard manifestations and the scale of potential damage are determined for each situation. The matrix is a ranking of damage probability and the probability of damage severity via weighting factors by a measuring scale with a number of levels. By multiplying values of weighting factors of damage severity and the frequency of potential hazard manifestations, a quantitative assessment of occupational risk value is obtained at the cross-section of respective lines and a column. It has been adopted that the matrix approach is the most accessible assessment method, and although it is based on subjective opinions of occupational safety experts, the obtained result provides objective conditions of production.
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