The study aims to demonstrate the safe functioning of urban agglomerations under the impact of environmental risks. Scientists and later experts have proposed the concept of ensuring environmental safety for a long time. However, external and internal factors affecting the activities of industrial entities and civil society invoke the unsafety of existence. The authors of the article review the existing environmental threats of industrial cities that require preventive measures to be taken. The threats occurring as a result of large-scale industrial contamination of cities have been prioritized by the authors. The review of methodological approaches to monitoring and environmental risk assessment (social, functional assessments, and consequences assessment) has shown their ambiguity, as sometimes, outdated methods are used. In addition, it is important to predict the consequences of the impact of environmental risks on the social aspects, namely, how that affects people’s health, with the following development of health protection measures. In that regard, the authors’ definition of urban environmental risks has been proposed, and the main assessment and monitoring criteria, as well as assessment indices that can be used, such as the environmental efficiency index, AQI index, ESG factors, and TAQI index, have been determined. The authors recommend monitoring and assessing environmental risks in urban agglomerations based on the assessment of the atmospheric air contamination level and the impact of its quality on morbidity. It has been proven that the main threat to cities is harmful industrial and motor transport emissions into the atmosphere as a result of noncompliance with environmental standards and the depreciation of transport. The argumentation of the dependence of harmful substance content in the atmosphere on the level of illnesses, based on the example of the city of Perm, is provided. In order to reduce urban environmental risks, namely the harmful emissions in the atmosphere, a system of measures to affect the main participants of such type of emissions has been proposed.
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