The study considers the stages of establishment and development of calculation and experimental methods for centuries-old substantiation, standardization, maintenance, and improvement of basic indices of operability and efficiency of design, construction, and operation of industrial facilities for civil and defensive purposes. Such indices include strength, service life, and safety. For each of them, basic principles, provisions, design equations, criteria, and margins have been formulated, established, and developed for the respective time intervals. The complexification of structural, engineering, and operational solutions and increasing requirements for quantitative determination and reduction of margins in terms of strength, service life, and safety led to the improvement of analytical, numerical, and experimental methods to identify the source, current, deformed, damaged, and limiting states of bearing elements of industrial facilities, power and deformation criteria of destruction, deterministic and probabilistic evaluations, linear and non-linear equations of mechanics of deformable media.
The specifics and possibilities of two main areas to address the current issues of industrial safety maintenance are shown: these are the use of established safety matrices, event trees, and failures as well as the use of defining equations of deformation and destruction mechanics and the harmonized margin system.
The first area is actively developed by Rostechnadzor and the Scientific and Technical Center of Industrial Safety, and the second area is developed by the Russian Academy of Sciences at the Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering.
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