V.I. Lyashenko, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), vilyashenko2017@gmail.com GP «UkrNIPIIpromtekhnologii», Zheltuye Vody, Ukraine V.Z. Dyatchin, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assoc. Prof. Institute of Entrepreneurship «Strategiya», Zheltuye Vody, Ukraine I.A. Lisovoy, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) Uman National University of Horticulture, Uman, Ukraine
The main scientific and practical results of researches related to improving safety of mining on the basis of effective production wastes management and processing of crude ores when storing tails with addition of hardener and solidification of hazardous ingredients are given. Methods of defining recipes of solidifying mixtures, assessment of their solidity for filling of the developed underground areas and surface charts of the storage, and, also decrease of danger to the environment and person by transfer of wastes to a solid state are analyzed. In this case, the best practices of the developed mining countries of the world are used: Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Chile, etc.
Technologies of management of tailings dumps are systematized and their new classification is offered: as the main criterion the indicator of carrying out of harmful chemical agents to the environment is accepted. It is shown that the technology of laying of the immobilized tails of hydrometallurgical production in the storage by inclined layers provides for removal of the accumulated liquid in the storage tank in the course of its filling. The mechanism of effect on the environment of the dust and filtration streams from the massif of mine refuse dumps and metallurgical conversion of metallic ores is formulated. The possibility of decrease of hazard of storing tails of the concentrating and metallurgical conversion of ores by their solidification at placement in the charts of storages is scientifically substantiated. Technologies of fixing tailing dumps massifs by mineral, chemical, biological agents, and the ways of prophylactics of dusting with the use of water soluble polymers are recommended.
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