N.A. Makhutov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., RAS Corresponding Member, Chief Research Associate, kei51@mail.ru IMASH RAN, Moscow, Russia V.I. Ivanov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Chief Research Associate ZAO «NIIIN MNPO «Spektr», Moscow, Russia V.V. Musatov, General Director ZAO «GIAP-DIST TSENTR», Moscow, Russia
One of the main ways of ensuring safety of production facilities is the application of the information technologies based on the methods and means of technical (technogenic) diagnostics. This concept includes the theory, methods and means of identifying technical state of technical devices. For assessment of their safety the set of measures is required: carry out non-destructive testing, perform strength calculations (current, predictive, static, monotonous and cyclic loading, etc.), study of the state of the object material, diagnostics of corrosion state of the degrading object, etc. Methods for calculating the initial and residual resources for successive stages of degradation of the material of the technical device, formation and development of local fracture using the criteria of mechanics of fracture, basic characteristics of the mechanical properties of materials and regularities of their changes during operation play the most important role.
The article shows the possibilities of calculating the probability of technical devices fracture using the results of non-destructive testing and technical diagnostics. It is recommended to use values of fracture probabilities at calculating the risk of technical device failure. Also, it is required to use additional information about the defects that can be obtained from the calibration characteristics (considering measurement errors), the defect detection diagram, and, also the reliability diagram. It is noted that the wide application of accident risk assessment methods using accident probability calculations is complicated by the lack of methods for calculating the probability of fracture of the particular technical device depending on the parameters of the defect. In addition, there are no methods for non-destructive testing, in which the requirements are recorded concerning the estimation of errors in measuring parameters of defects and reliability of non-destructive testing.
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