Annotation:
Changes in the legislation in the field of industrial safety, as well as the experience of declaring industrial safety, developing safety cases for hazardous production facilities and other work related to risk analysis (assessment), required introduction of changes to the set of Rostechnadzor safety guidelines, most of which were developed in the period of 2013–2018.
For this purpose, in agreement with Rosteсhnadzor, the specialists from the Group of Companies «Industrial Safety» (STC IS), STC «Industrial Safety» CJSC, ANO «Industrial Risk Research Agency», Fund of James Bruce) on a voluntary basis in the period of 2020–2022 prepared and sent to Rostechnadzor the drafts of amendments of 13 safety guides, which are currently approved.
The article presents a classification of the above safety guides by content and considers a set of methods for accident risk analyses. The changes are presented in these guides related to the legal requirements for terminology, the need to make the set of safety guides more systematic. The algorithms for calculating risk indicators and affected areas were refined, the most significant of which can be distinguished: taking into account the variable clutter at the location of the fuel-air mixtures cloud, proceeding from the modern ideas about the assessment of the explosion consequences; including in the calculation of explosion parameters a model of computational gas dynamics, as well as the model designed for numerical simulation in the ejection of the jet section of the flow; actualization of the parametric models for calculating the effects of shock wave propagation in a physical explosion. The main directions are proposed concerning further improvement of the methodological support of risk analysis at the hazardous production facilities.
References:
1. On the fundamentals of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of industrial safety for the period up to 2025 and beyond: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2018 № 198. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/557306107 (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
2. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodological basis for hazard analysis and accident risk assessment at hazardous production facilities»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 3, 2022 № 387. Available at: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_433652/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
3. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for modeling the spread of accidental releases of hazardous substances»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 2, 2022 № 385. Available at: https://www.gosnadzor.ru/industrial/rukovodstva-po-bezopasnosti/30.%20%D0%9F%D1%80-385%20%D0%BE%D1%82%2002.11.2022.pdf (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
4. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for assessing the consequences of accidental explosions of fuel-air mixtures»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 28, 2022 № 412. Available at: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_437335/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
5. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for assessing the consequences of accidents at explosive and fire hazardous chemical plants»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 28, 2022 № 415. Available at: https://rulaws.ru/acts/Prikaz-Rostehnadzora-ot-28.11.2022-N-415/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
6. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methods for substantiating the explosion resistance of buildings and structures during explosions of fuel-air mixtures at hazardous production facilities»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 28, 2022 № 413. Available at: https://lawnotes.ru/npa/prikaz-rostehnadzora-ot-28.11.2022-n-413 (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
7. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for analyzing the risk of accidents at hazardous oil and gas production facilities»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated January 10, 2023 № 4. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_440765/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
8. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for analyzing the risk of accidents at hazardous production facilities of the offshore oil and gas complex»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated February 10, 2023 № 51. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_440212/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
9. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodological recommendations for conducting a quantitative analysis of the risk of accidents at hazardous production facilities of the main oil pipelines and oil product pipelines»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated December 29, 2022 № 478. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_440799/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
10. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for assessing the risk of accidents at hazardous production facilities of the main gas pipeline transport»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated December 29, 2022 № 454. Available at: https://rulaws.ru/acts/Prikaz-Rostehnadzora-ot-22.12.2022-N-454/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
11. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodological recommendations for conducting a quantitative analysis of the risk of accidents at the condensate pipelines and product pipelines»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated February 17, 2023 № 69. Available at: https://rulaws.ru/acts/Prikaz-Rostehnadzora-ot-17.02.2023-N-69/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
12. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for assessing the risk of accidents at hazardous production facilities of the oil and gas processing, oil and gas chemical industry»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 28, 2022 № 414. Available at: https://www.gosnadzor.ru/industrial/oil/acts/%D0%9F%D1%80-414%20%D0%BE%D1%82%2028.11.2022.pdf (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
13. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for assessing the risk of accidents on technological pipelines associated with the movement of explosive gases»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 28, 2022 № 410. Available at: https://rulaws.ru/acts/Prikaz-Rostehnadzora-ot-28.11.2022-N-410/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
14. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for assessing the risk of accidents on the process pipelines associated with the movement of explosive and flammable liquids»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 28, 2022 № 411. Available at: https://www.gosnadzor.ru/industrial/rukovodstva-po-bezopasnosti/%D0%9F%D1%80-411%20%D0%BE%D1%82%2028.11.2022.pdf (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
15. Sofyin A.S., Sumskoy S.I. Calculation of the Indicators of the Risk of People Damage Considering the Variability of Their Presence in the Areas of Emergency Processes Impact at Hazardous Production Facilities. Bezopasnost Truda v Promyshlennosti = Occupational Safety in Industry. 2022. № 6. pp. 81–89. (In Russ). DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2022-6-81-89
16. IOGP. Report 434-01 — Risk assessment data directory — Process release frequencies. Available at: https://www.safetydelta.nl/kenniscentrum/iogp-report-434-01-risk-assessment-data-directory-process-release-frequencies/ (accessed: May 30, 2023).
17. Failure Frequency Guidance: Process Equipment Leak Frequency Data for Use in QRA. Available at: http://issuu.com/dnv.com/docs/failure_frequency_guidance_process (accessed: May 30, 2023).
18. Failure Rate and Event Data for use within Risk Assessments (28/6/2012). Available at: https://pdf4pro.com/view/failure-rate-and-event-data-for-use-within-risk-assessments-537bc2.html (accessed: May 30, 2023).
19. Crerand A., Chynoweth S., Richardson S. Improvement in Release Frequencies for Quantitative Risk Assessment. 24th Institution of Chemical Engineers Symposium on Hazards. Red Hook: Curran Associates, 2014. pp. 621–625.
20. Sumskoy S.I., Zaynetdinov S.Kh., Sofyin A.S., Lisanov M.V., Agapov A.A. Simulation of Pressure Waves During Deflagration Combustion of the Clouds of Fuel-Air Mixtures. Bezopasnost Truda v Promyshlennosti = Occupational Safety in Industry. 2023. № 1. pp. 15–22. (In Russ). DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-1-15-22
21. Van den Bosch C.J.H., Weterings R.A.P.M. Methods for the calculations of physical effects. Due to releases of hazardous materials (liquids and gases). «Yellow Book». CPR 14E. Available at: https://content.publicatiereeksgevaarlijkestoffen.nl/documents/PGS2/PGS2-1997-v0.1-physical-effects.pdf (accessed: May 30, 2023).
22. Van den Berg A.C. The multi-energy method: A framework for vapour cloud explosion blast prediction. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 1985. Vol. 12. Iss. 1. pp. 1–10.
23. On approval of the Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety «General rules of explosion safety for fire and explosion hazardous chemical, petrochemical and oil refining industries»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated December 15, 2020 № 533. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/573200380 (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
24. Sumskoy S.I., Zaynetdinov S.Kh., Sofyin A.S., Lisanov M.V., Agapov A.A. Assessment of shock wave parameters at rapture of onshore and offshore sections of gas mains. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy sbornik «Vesti gazovoy nauki» = Scientific Technical Collection Book «Gas Science Bulletin». 2020. № 3 (45). pp. 72–80. (In Russ).
25. STO Gazprom 2-2.3-351—2009. Methodological guidelines on conducting risk analysis for hazardous production facilities of gas transmission enterprises of OAO Gazprom. Available at: https://pozhproekt.ru/nsis/Rd/sto/sto-gazprom/sto-2-2.3-351-2009/1.pdf (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
26. Barkhatov V.D., Zaytseva E.V., Lisanov M.V., Zhukov I.S. Approaches to the Qualitative Assessment of the of Safety Barriers Performance at Oil and Gas Facilities. Bezopasnost Truda v Promyshlennosti = Occupational Safety in Industry. 2022. № 12. pp. 55–62. (In Russ). DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2022-12-55-62
27. Ooms G. A new method for the calculation of the plume path of gases emitted by a stack. Atmospheric Environment. 1967. Vol. 6. Iss. 12. pp. 899–909. DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(72)90098-4
28. Abramovich G.N. Theory of turbulent jets. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. Мoscow: Nauka, 1984. 712 p. (In Russ).
29. Bruyatskiy E.V. Turbulent stratified jet streams. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 1986. 296 p. (In Russ).
2. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodological basis for hazard analysis and accident risk assessment at hazardous production facilities»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 3, 2022 № 387. Available at: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_433652/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
3. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for modeling the spread of accidental releases of hazardous substances»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 2, 2022 № 385. Available at: https://www.gosnadzor.ru/industrial/rukovodstva-po-bezopasnosti/30.%20%D0%9F%D1%80-385%20%D0%BE%D1%82%2002.11.2022.pdf (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
4. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for assessing the consequences of accidental explosions of fuel-air mixtures»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 28, 2022 № 412. Available at: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_437335/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
5. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for assessing the consequences of accidents at explosive and fire hazardous chemical plants»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 28, 2022 № 415. Available at: https://rulaws.ru/acts/Prikaz-Rostehnadzora-ot-28.11.2022-N-415/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
6. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methods for substantiating the explosion resistance of buildings and structures during explosions of fuel-air mixtures at hazardous production facilities»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 28, 2022 № 413. Available at: https://lawnotes.ru/npa/prikaz-rostehnadzora-ot-28.11.2022-n-413 (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
7. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for analyzing the risk of accidents at hazardous oil and gas production facilities»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated January 10, 2023 № 4. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_440765/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
8. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for analyzing the risk of accidents at hazardous production facilities of the offshore oil and gas complex»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated February 10, 2023 № 51. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_440212/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
9. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodological recommendations for conducting a quantitative analysis of the risk of accidents at hazardous production facilities of the main oil pipelines and oil product pipelines»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated December 29, 2022 № 478. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_440799/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
10. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for assessing the risk of accidents at hazardous production facilities of the main gas pipeline transport»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated December 29, 2022 № 454. Available at: https://rulaws.ru/acts/Prikaz-Rostehnadzora-ot-22.12.2022-N-454/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
11. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodological recommendations for conducting a quantitative analysis of the risk of accidents at the condensate pipelines and product pipelines»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated February 17, 2023 № 69. Available at: https://rulaws.ru/acts/Prikaz-Rostehnadzora-ot-17.02.2023-N-69/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
12. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for assessing the risk of accidents at hazardous production facilities of the oil and gas processing, oil and gas chemical industry»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 28, 2022 № 414. Available at: https://www.gosnadzor.ru/industrial/oil/acts/%D0%9F%D1%80-414%20%D0%BE%D1%82%2028.11.2022.pdf (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
13. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for assessing the risk of accidents on technological pipelines associated with the movement of explosive gases»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 28, 2022 № 410. Available at: https://rulaws.ru/acts/Prikaz-Rostehnadzora-ot-28.11.2022-N-410/ (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
14. On approval of the Safety Guide «Methodology for assessing the risk of accidents on the process pipelines associated with the movement of explosive and flammable liquids»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 28, 2022 № 411. Available at: https://www.gosnadzor.ru/industrial/rukovodstva-po-bezopasnosti/%D0%9F%D1%80-411%20%D0%BE%D1%82%2028.11.2022.pdf (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
15. Sofyin A.S., Sumskoy S.I. Calculation of the Indicators of the Risk of People Damage Considering the Variability of Their Presence in the Areas of Emergency Processes Impact at Hazardous Production Facilities. Bezopasnost Truda v Promyshlennosti = Occupational Safety in Industry. 2022. № 6. pp. 81–89. (In Russ). DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2022-6-81-89
16. IOGP. Report 434-01 — Risk assessment data directory — Process release frequencies. Available at: https://www.safetydelta.nl/kenniscentrum/iogp-report-434-01-risk-assessment-data-directory-process-release-frequencies/ (accessed: May 30, 2023).
17. Failure Frequency Guidance: Process Equipment Leak Frequency Data for Use in QRA. Available at: http://issuu.com/dnv.com/docs/failure_frequency_guidance_process (accessed: May 30, 2023).
18. Failure Rate and Event Data for use within Risk Assessments (28/6/2012). Available at: https://pdf4pro.com/view/failure-rate-and-event-data-for-use-within-risk-assessments-537bc2.html (accessed: May 30, 2023).
19. Crerand A., Chynoweth S., Richardson S. Improvement in Release Frequencies for Quantitative Risk Assessment. 24th Institution of Chemical Engineers Symposium on Hazards. Red Hook: Curran Associates, 2014. pp. 621–625.
20. Sumskoy S.I., Zaynetdinov S.Kh., Sofyin A.S., Lisanov M.V., Agapov A.A. Simulation of Pressure Waves During Deflagration Combustion of the Clouds of Fuel-Air Mixtures. Bezopasnost Truda v Promyshlennosti = Occupational Safety in Industry. 2023. № 1. pp. 15–22. (In Russ). DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-1-15-22
21. Van den Bosch C.J.H., Weterings R.A.P.M. Methods for the calculations of physical effects. Due to releases of hazardous materials (liquids and gases). «Yellow Book». CPR 14E. Available at: https://content.publicatiereeksgevaarlijkestoffen.nl/documents/PGS2/PGS2-1997-v0.1-physical-effects.pdf (accessed: May 30, 2023).
22. Van den Berg A.C. The multi-energy method: A framework for vapour cloud explosion blast prediction. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 1985. Vol. 12. Iss. 1. pp. 1–10.
23. On approval of the Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety «General rules of explosion safety for fire and explosion hazardous chemical, petrochemical and oil refining industries»: Order of Rostechnadzor dated December 15, 2020 № 533. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/573200380 (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
24. Sumskoy S.I., Zaynetdinov S.Kh., Sofyin A.S., Lisanov M.V., Agapov A.A. Assessment of shock wave parameters at rapture of onshore and offshore sections of gas mains. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy sbornik «Vesti gazovoy nauki» = Scientific Technical Collection Book «Gas Science Bulletin». 2020. № 3 (45). pp. 72–80. (In Russ).
25. STO Gazprom 2-2.3-351—2009. Methodological guidelines on conducting risk analysis for hazardous production facilities of gas transmission enterprises of OAO Gazprom. Available at: https://pozhproekt.ru/nsis/Rd/sto/sto-gazprom/sto-2-2.3-351-2009/1.pdf (accessed: May 30, 2023). (In Russ).
26. Barkhatov V.D., Zaytseva E.V., Lisanov M.V., Zhukov I.S. Approaches to the Qualitative Assessment of the of Safety Barriers Performance at Oil and Gas Facilities. Bezopasnost Truda v Promyshlennosti = Occupational Safety in Industry. 2022. № 12. pp. 55–62. (In Russ). DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2022-12-55-62
27. Ooms G. A new method for the calculation of the plume path of gases emitted by a stack. Atmospheric Environment. 1967. Vol. 6. Iss. 12. pp. 899–909. DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(72)90098-4
28. Abramovich G.N. Theory of turbulent jets. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. Мoscow: Nauka, 1984. 712 p. (In Russ).
29. Bruyatskiy E.V. Turbulent stratified jet streams. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 1986. 296 p. (In Russ).
