Based on the lessons learned in the development and expertise of safety case, the analysis was performed related to regulatory-legal and methodological problems of the development of safety case of hazardous production facilities for explosion and fire hazardous chemical, petrochemical, oil and gas processing plants.
Basic typical deviations from the current requirements in the field of industrial safety, as well as missing (new) requirements aimed, as a rule, at specifying or clarifying the existing ones were defined.
Typical mistakes were considered, which had been made by safety case developers when selecting the methods for justifying the possibility of deviations from the industrial safety requirements and evaluating the effectiveness of the adopted compensatory measures. The ways were described concerning the application of different methods of quantitative and qualitative risk analysis (HAZID/HAZOP, matrix «probability — severity of consequences»), as well as their combinations for justifying the possibility of deviation from the requirements in the field of industrial safety depending on the types of deviations.
The application of computational modeling methods of the dispersion of combustible gas (vapor) emissions in the atmosphere and the assessment of possible exposure zones (in case of explosion (fire) of the fuel-air mixture cloud), including application of foreign software complexes using the methods of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the Unified Dispersion Model (UDM), etc., allowing for the most complete and accurate consideration of influence of various factors on the dispersion of combustible gases (vapor) cloud.
Proposals are given related to the improvement of the regulatory- legal and the procedural framework defining the procedure for safety case development and expertise.
L.V. Blank, Senior Research Assistant I.S. Zhukov, Research Associate, ilzhukov@safety.ru ANO «Industrial Risk Research Agency», Moscow, Russia M.V. Lisanov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), the Director of Risk Analysis Center E.V. Khanin, Department Head STC «Industrial Safety» CJSC, Moscow, Russia
Based on the lessons learned in the development and expertise of safety case, the analysis was performed related to regulatory-legal and methodological problems of the development of safety case of hazardous production facilities for explosion and fire hazardous chemical, petrochemical, oil and gas processing plants.
Basic typical deviations from the current requirements in the field of industrial safety, as well as missing (new) requirements aimed, as a rule, at specifying or clarifying the existing ones were defined.
Typical mistakes were considered, which had been made by safety case developers when selecting the methods for justifying the possibility of deviations from the industrial safety requirements and evaluating the effectiveness of the adopted compensatory measures. The ways were described concerning the application of different methods of quantitative and qualitative risk analysis (HAZID/HAZOP, matrix «probability — severity of consequences»), as well as their combinations for justifying the possibility of deviation from the requirements in the field of industrial safety depending on the types of deviations.
The application of computational modeling methods of the dispersion of combustible gas (vapor) emissions in the atmosphere and the assessment of possible exposure zones (in case of explosion (fire) of the fuel-air mixture cloud), including application of foreign software complexes using the methods of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the Unified Dispersion Model (UDM), etc., allowing for the most complete and accurate consideration of influence of various factors on the dispersion of combustible gases (vapor) cloud.
Proposals are given related to the improvement of the regulatory- legal and the procedural framework defining the procedure for safety case development and expertise.
1. Zhulina S.A., Lisanov M.V., Kozelskiy V.V. Changes in General rules of explosion safety for explosion and fire hazardous chemical, petrochemical and oil processing plants. Bezopasnost truda v promyshlennosti = Occupational Safety in Industry. 2016. № 10. pp. 48–53.
2. O promyshlennoy bezopasnosti opasnykh proizvodstvennykh obektov: feder. zakon ot 21 iyulya 1997 g. № 116-FZ (On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities: Federal Law of July 21, 1997 № 116-FZ). 20-e izd., ispr. i dop. Moscow: ZAO NTTs PB, 2017. 52 p.
3. Obshchie trebovaniya k obosnovaniyu bezopasnosti opasnogo proizvodstvennogo obekta: feder. normy i pravila v obl. prom. bezopasnosti (General Requirements to Safety Case of Hazardous Production Facility: Federal Norms and Rules in the Field of Industrial Safety). Ser. 03. Iss. 73. Moscow: ZAO NTTs PB, 2017. 16 p.
4. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po razrabotke obosnovaniya bezopasnosti opasnykh proizvodstvennykh obektov neftegazovogo kompleksa: ruk. po bezopasnosti (Methodological Recommendations on the Development of Safety Case of Hazardous Production Facilities of Oil and Gas Complex: Safety Guide). Ser. 27. Iss. 14. Moscow: ZAO NTTs PB, 2016. 52 p.
5. Obshchie pravila vzryvobezopasnosti dlya vzryvopozharoopasnykh khimicheskikh, neftekhimicheskikh i neftepererabatyvayushchikh proizvodstv: feder. normy i pravila v obl. prom. bezopasnosti (General Rules of Explosion Safety for Explosion and Fire Hazardous Chemical, Petrochemical and Oil Processing Plants: Federal Norms and Rules in the Field of Industrial Safety). Ser. 09. Iss. 37. Moscow: ZAO NTTs PB, 2017. 132 p.
6. Pravila promyshlennoy bezopasnosti opasnykh proizvodstvennykh obektov, na kotorykh ispolzuetsya oborudovanie, rabotayushchee pod izbytochnym davleniem: feder. normy i pravila v obl. prom. bezopasnosti (Industrial Safety Rules of Hazardous Production Facilities where the Equipment Operating under Excessive Pressure is Used: Federal Norms and Rules in the Field of Industrial Safety). Ser. 20. Iss. 16. Moscow: ZAO NTTs PB, 2017. 254 p.
7. Pravila bezopasnosti neftegazopererabatyvayushchikh proizvodstv: feder. normy i pravila v obl. prom. bezopasnosti (Safety Rules of Oil and Gas Processing Plants: Federal Norms and Rules in the Field of Industrial Safety). Ser. 09. Iss. 44. Moscow: ZAO NTTs PB, 2017. 76 p.
8. RD 03-410—01. Instruktsiya po provedeniyu kompleksnogo tekhnicheskogo osvidetelstvovaniya izotermicheskikh rezervuarov szhizhennykh gazov (RD 03-410—01. Instructions for Carrying out Comprehensive Technical Inspection of Liquefied Gases Isothermal Tanks). 2-e izd., ispr. Ser. 03. Iss. 08. Moscow: ZAO NTTs PB, 2015. 112 p.
9. Rekomendatsii po ustroystvu i bezopasnoy ekspluatatsii tekhnologicheskikh truboprovodov: ruk. po bezopasnosti (Recommendations for Design and Safe Operation of Process Pipelines: Safety Guide). Ser. 03. Iss. 67. Moscow: ZAO NTTs PB, 2017. 194 p.
10. Pecherkin A.S. Aspects of safety case application for hazardous production facility. Bezopasnost truda v promyshlennosti = Occupational Safety in Industry. 2012. № 3. pp. 58–63.
11. Simakin V.V., Lisanov M.V., Khanin E.V., Blank L.V. Regulatory-procedural support and experience in conducting hazards analysis of the technological processes using HAZID/HAZOP methods. Bezopasnost truda v promyshlennosti = Occupational Safety in Industry. 2017. № 6. pp. 64–72.
12. Metodicheskie osnovy po provedeniyu analiza opasnostey i otsenki riska avariy na opasnykh proizvodstvennykh obektakh: ruk. po bezopasnosti (Methodological Basis for Conducting Hazards Analysis and Risk Assessment of Accidents at Hazardous Production Facilities: Safety Guide). Ser. 27. Iss. 16. Moscow: ZAO NTTs PB, 2016. 56 p.
13. Best practice for risk based inspection as a part of plant integrity management: contract research report. TWI and Royal & SunAlliance Engineering for the Health and Safety Executive. Available at: www.hse.gov.uk/researcH/crr_pdf/2001/crr01363.pdf (accessed: August 17, 2015).
14. Suarez Kh., Finkelshteyn M., Lisanov M.V., Kruchinina I.A. Foreign experience of using risk-oriented approach in operation of technical devices at oil and gas facilities. Bezopasnost truda v promyshlennosti = Occupational Safety in Industry. 2015. № 8. pp. 24–30.
15. Ivanov A.Yu., Mikerin O.B., Kopalidi E.I., Elmanovich V.I., Kharebov V.G. Practice of implementing control of static equipment technical condition taking into account risk factors at the enterprises of LUKOIL Group. Bezopasnost truda v promyshlennosti = Occupational Safety in Industry. 2016. № 8. pp. 62–68.
16. Rukovodstvo po bezopasnosti dlya skladov szhizhennykh uglevodorodnykh gazov i legkovosplamenyayushchikhsya zhidkostey pod davleniem: ruk. po bezopasnosti (Safety Guide for Warehouses of the Liquefied Petroleum Gases and Flammable Liquids under Pressure: Safety Guide). Ser. 09. Iss. 34. Moscow: ZAO NTTs PB, 2013. 56 p.
17. Marhavilas P.K., Koulouriotis D., Gemeni V. Risk analysis and assessment methodologies in the work sites: On a review, classification and comparative study of the scientific literature of the period 2000–2009. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2011. № 24. pp. 477–523. Available at: http://risktr.com/dokumanlar/risk%20analysis%20and%20assessment%20methodologies%20in%20th%20work%20sites.pdf (accessed: December 12, 2017).
18. Taylor J.R. Automated HAZOP revisited. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2017. Vol. 111. October. pp. 635–651. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957582017302379 (accessed: December 12, 2017).
19. Yimiao, Huanga, Guowei Ma, Jingde Li. Multi-level explosion risk analysis (MLERA) for accidental gas explosion events in super-large FLNG facilities. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2017. Vol. 45. January. pp. 242–254. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950423016303540 (accessed: December 12, 2017).
20. Metody obosnovaniya vzryvoustoychivosti zdaniy i sooruzheniy pri vzryvakh toplivno-vozdushnykh smesey na opasnykh proizvodstvennykh obektakh: ruk. po bezopasnosti (Methods of Substantiation of Explosion Resistance of Buildings and Structures During Explosions of Fuel and Air Mixtures at Hazardous Production Facilities: Safety Guide). Ser. 27. Iss. 17. Moscow: ZAO NTTs PB, 2017. 56 p.
21. Tekhnicheskiy reglament o trebovaniyakh pozharnoy bezopasnosti: feder. zakon ot 22 iyulya 2008 g. № 123-FZ (Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements: Federal Law of July 22, 2008 № 123-FZ). 5-e izd., ispr. Ser. 19. Iss. 1. Moscow: ZAO NTTs PB, 2017. 198 p.
22. Metodika opredeleniya raschetnykh velichin pozharnogo riska na proizvodstvennykh obektakh: prikaz MChS Rossii ot 10 iyulya 2010 g. № 404 (Methods for determining the calculated values of fire risk at production facilities: Order of EMERCOM of Russia of July 10, 2010 № 404). Available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/902253161 (accessed: December 12, 2017).
23. GOST R 22.2.02—2015. Natsionalnyy standart Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Bezopasnost v chrezvychaynykh situatsiyakh. Menedzhment riska chrezvychaynoy situatsii. Otsenka riska chrezvychaynoy situatsii pri razrabotke proektnoy dokumentatsii obektov kapitalnogo stroitelstva (GOST R 22.2.02—2015. National standard of the Russian Federation. Safety in emergency situations. Emergency risk management. Risk assessment of emergency situations at the development of design documentation for the objects of capital construction). Available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200124969 (accessed: December 12, 2017).
24. GOST R 22.10.02—2016. Natsionalnyy standart Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Bezopasnost v chrezvychaynykh situatsiyakh. Menedzhment riska chrezvychaynoy situatsii. Dopustimyy risk chrezvychaynykh situatsiy (GOST R 22.10.02—2016. National standard of the Russian Federation. Safety in emergency situations. Emergency situation risk management. Emergency situations tolerable risk). Available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200136698 (accessed: December 12, 2017).
25. Ob utverzhdenii svoda pravil «Zdaniya i sooruzheniya. Osobye vozdeystviya»: prikaz Minstroya Rossii ot 03.08.2017 № 1105/pr. (On the approval of the set of rules «Buildings and structures. Specific effects»: Order of Ministroy of Russia dated August 3, 2017 № 1105/pr.). Available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/555601231 (accessed: December 12, 2017).